What Is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to human intelligence simulation on computers designed to think like humans and imitate their behaviour. The word can also be applied to any computer that exhibits human mind-characteristics such as thinking and problem solving.

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The perfect function of artificial  intelligence is the capacity to rationalize and take action that has the greatest chance of fulfilling a given purpose.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is machine-specific simulation of human intelligence processes, especially computer systems. Expert networks, natural language processing (NLP), speech recognition and computer vision are basic applications of AI.

The emphasis of AI programming is on three cognitive abilities: listening, reasoning and self-correction.

The mechanisms of learning

This part of AI programming focuses on data collection and the development of guidelines for how data can be transformed into actionable information. The laws, called algorithms, provide step-by-step instructions for computational devices on how to accomplish a given function.

Processes Thinking

This element of AI programming is based on choosing the right algorithm to achieve a desired result.

The mechanisms of self-correction

This element of AI programming is designed to continuously fine-algorithms to ensure that results are generated as accurately as possible.

Understanding AI

The first thing they generally think about when most people hear the word artificial intelligence is robots. That's because big-budget films and novels are spinning stories of human-like machines that wreak havoc on earth. Yet nothing could be more far from the facts.

Artificial intelligence is founded on the idea that human intelligence should be described in such a way that a computer should easily imitate and perform tasks, from the easiest to the more complex ones. Artificial intelligence is targeted at understanding, reasoning, and understanding.

When technology progresses, past standards that described artificial intelligence are becoming obsolete. For example, machines that measure basic functions or recognize text by optimal recognition of characters are no longer considered to represent artificial intelligence, as this feature is now taken for granted as an intrinsic computer feature.

AI is developing constantly to support a number of different industries. Machines are designed using a mathematics, computer science, linguistics, psychology and more focused cross-approach.

Disadvantages and Advantages of AI

Artificial neural networks and advanced artificial intelligence learning technologies are developing exponentially, primarily because AI absorbs vast volumes of data even quicker and makes forecasts more reliable than humanly possible. Although the immense amount of data being generated on a daily basis will bury a human researcher, AI applications using machine learning can take that data and quickly transform it into actionable data. As regards this writing, the primary drawback of using AI is that processing the large quantities of data needed by AI programming is costly.

AI strong vs. AI weak

AI can be graded either as weak or as strong. Weak AI, also called narrow AI, is an AI system developed and trained to accomplish a particular task. Industrial robots and personal virtual assistants, like Apple's Siri, use poor AI.

Strong AI, also known as general artificial intelligence (AGI), describes technology capable of replicating human cognitive abilities. A powerful AI system may use fuzzy logic when faced with an unknown task to apply information from one domain to another and autonomously find a solution. In principle, both a Turing test and the chinese room test should be able to pass a good AI system.

Enhanced intelligence, vs artificial intelligence

Most industry analysts claim the term artificial intelligence is too closely linked to mainstream culture, and this has led to unexpected assumptions from the general public about how AI can transform the workplace and life in general. Some researchers and marketers are hoping that the label will increase knowledge, which has a more favorable connotation, will help people realize that most AI implementations will be poor, and will merely boost goods and services. The idea of the Singularity and a future in which the application of superintelligence to human or technological issues including deprivation, illness and mortality still remains within the realm of science fiction.

Usage of artificial intelligence in ethics

While AI systems offer a variety of new business capabilities, the use of artificial intelligence often poses ethical concerns as an AI program will reinforce what it has already experienced for the better or the worse.

This can be troublesome, as machine learning algorithms, which underpin many of the most advanced AI devices, are only as smart as the data given in training. Since a person chooses what data is used to train an AI system, the capacity for bias in machine learning is inherent and needs to be closely monitored.

Anyone who wishes to use machine learning as part of in-production real-world systems needs to incorporate ethics into their AI training processes and aim to eliminate biases. This is especially true when using AI algorithms that are fundamentally incomprehensible in applications involving deep learning and generative adversarial networks (GAN).

Four specific kinds of AI

Arend Hintze, Michigan State University's Assistant Professor of Integrative Biology and Computer Science and Technology, classified AI into four groups, beginning with the smart systems that exist today to sensory systems that are not yet in existence. His definitions are these:

Reactive Devices

These AI systems do not have memory and are unique to tasks. An example of this is Deep Blue, the IBM chess program which beat Garry Kasparov in the 1990s. Deep Blue can recognise pieces on the chessboard and make predictions, but it can not use past experiences to guide future ones because it has no memory.

Limited Space 

Such AI systems have memory, so that past observations can be used to guide future decisions. For self-driving cars some of the decision-making functions are planned in this way.

Static theory

Mind theory is a concept in psychology. Once applied to AI, this means the program knows emotions. This form of AI, when available, will be able to infer intentions and predict behaviour.

Self consciousness

AI systems have a sense of self in this category which gives them consciousness. Self-aware computers understand their own state of being. There is yet no such form of AI.